Landscape with Menorah offers a synthetic view of the history of over eight centuries of Jewish presence in the lands of the former Commonwealth or Rzeczpospolita of Poland and Lithuania. It is the English translation of a study by Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, based on many decades’ research into the unique phenomenon of Jewish settlement in the kingdoms of the Piast and later the Jagiellonian monarchies, and then of the Rzeczpospolita of Poland-Lithuania (today central and eastern Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and western Ukraine).